Chuck



oct.4 8, l1935. L E. POOLE 2,016,652

. CHUCK .original Filed Deo. 30, 1932 lllH ATTORNEY@ Patented Oct. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHUCK Application December 30, 1932, Serial No. 649,459

Renewed May 28, 1934 11 Claims.

This invention relates to chucks and more par- -ticularly to uid pressure operated chucks.

It is'an object of the present invention to provide certain improvements in chucks.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a chuck actuated by the same iiuid pressure and in such-manner that more uid pressure is effective for opening the chuck than is effective for closing the same, whereby abundant reserve power enables the chuck to overcome the considerable static friction between certain parts thereof, which primarily resists the opening of the chuck.

This is a continuation in part of application Serial No. 437,478, filed March 20, 1930.

Further objects and advantages of the present Invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing wherein a preferred embodiment of one form of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a chuck embodying the present invention, certain parts thereof being shown in section.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View taken along line 2-2 o1' Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view similar to part of Fig. 3, showing, however, the chuck adopted for different loading thereof.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, a chuck II) comprises a frame II, having a cylindrical bore I2 which receives chuck jaw carrying frames I3 and I4, havingvcylindrical peripheries in which gear segments I5 and I6 respectively, are cut. These gear segments mesh with racks I'I and I8 respectively, attachedby piston rods IB and 20 respectively, to pistons 2| and 22 respectively, slidable in cylinders` 23 and 24 respectively, provided by a cylinder 25, which is clamped between end plates 26 and 21, with screws 28 threaded into frame II. In order to prevent rotation of the racks I'I and I8 within frame II, set screws 42 are threaded into vf rame II and received by longitudinal grooves 43 and 44 of the racks I'I and I8, respectively. The chuck jaw frame I3 is conned between the jaw frame I4 and a ring plate 29 whose inside diameter is smaller than the inside diameter of the frames I3 and I4. TheV chuck jaw frame I4 is confined between the jaw frame I3 and a'ring plate 3B whose inside diameter is slightly larger than the inside diameter of the frames I3 and I4. Ring plate 30 is secured in any suitable manner to frame II. Each of the jaw frames I3, I4 is provided with radial notches 3l each of which guides for radial movement a chuck jaw 32, having teeth 33 for gripping a work 5 piece A and having a projection 34 cooperating with a stationary camming surface 35, provided by the frame II. The projections 34 are normally urged against the camming surfaces 35 by leaf spring members 36, each attached by screws 31 to one of the chuck jaw frames and each extending through a slot 38 provided in the chuck jaw frame and into a recess 39 provided in the chuck jaw. When the pistons 2| and 22 move toward the right as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, the 15 frames I3 and I4 will rotate in the direction of the arrow 4i), thereby causing the chuck jaw projections 34 to ride along those portions of the camming surfaces 35 which are nearer to the center of the chuck, thereby causing the work piece A to be firmly gripped by the jaws 32. When the pistons 2| and 22 move toward the left Aas viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, the motion of the chuck frames I3 and I4 will take place in the direction of the arrow'4I, thereby causing the chuck jaw 25 projections 34 to ride progressively toward portions of the camming surfaces 35 which are more remote Vfrom the center of the chuck, whereupon the jaws will recede from the work piece A to permit the same to descend by gravity into a suitable container or chute (not shown).

Fluid pressure from any suitable supply (not shown) is admitted into cylinders 23 and 24 to one side of pistons 2I and 22 through any suitable conducting means such as pipes 50, and to the opposite side of said pistons through pipes 5I and ducts 52 provided by the cylinder block 25. Any suitable intercepting means such as one or more shiftable valves (not shown) may be provided intermediate pipes 50 and 5I and operated to 40 intercept or provide communication between the fluid pressure supply and the cylinders through either one of pipes 50 or 5I to effect movement of pistons 2I and 22 in any desired direction wherebyv to cause the chuck to open or close.

' The camming surfaces 35 have been sodesigned that upon movement of the pistons toward the left as viewed in Fig. l the chuck will be caused to open and vice versa. Movement of the pistons toward the left is effected by subjecting piston surfaces 50 53 to fluid pressure. It will be noted from Figs. 1 and 2v that the entire piston surfaces 53 may be subjected to fluid pressure whereas the opposite,A fluid pressure subjectable surfaces 54 are smaller due to the merging of piston rods I9 and 20 into 55 these piston surfaces. From this follows that the pistons are moved toward the left under greater force than toward the right as viewed in Fig. l, whereby more power is applied for causing the chuck to open than is applied for causing the same to close. This is a desirable feature for prior to the actual opening of the chuck, the considerable static friction between the camming surfaces and the chuck jaws has to be overcome rst by the pistons 2l and 22.

Fig. 5 discloses the same chuck as the other gures, however plate 29a forms the bottom ring plate so that a work-piece A is introduced from above and rests against said ring plate 29a prior to the actual gripping thereof by the chuck jaws, contrary to the disclosures in Figs. 2 and 3 wherein the operator introduces the workpiece A from below and holds the same against ring plate 29 until the chuck jaws grip the work.

While the form of embodiment of the presentv invention as herein disclosed, constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. A chuck comprising a tubular frame providing cams; a ring journaled in the frame and providing recesses; jaws movable within said recesses and cooperating with said camps; ring plates at both ends of the frame for retaining thering within the frame, the inside diameter oi one of said plates being smaller than the inside diameter of the ring therebyV serving as a work locator prior to the gripping of the work by the jaws; and means for causing relative rotation between the ring and frame.

2. A chuck comprising, inv combination, a tubular frame providing earns; a ring journaled in the frame and providing recesses; jaws movable within said recesses and cooperating with said cams; ring plates at both ends of the frame for retaining the ring Within the frame, the inside diameter oi' one of said plates being smaller than the inside diameter of the ring thereby serving as a work locator prior to the gripping of the work by the jaws; and both plates being interchangeable whereby the work may be introduced into the chuck from either of two sides; and means for causing relative rotation between the frame and ring.

3. A chuck comprising, in combination, a tubular frame providing cams; a ring journaled in the frame and providing recesses open at one end thereof jaws located within said recesses and cooperating with said cams; ring plates at both ends of the frame for retaining the ring within the frame and the jaws within the recesses of the ring, the inside diameter of one of said plates being smaller than the inside diameter of the ring thereby serving as a work locator prior to the gripping of the work by the jaws; and means for causing relative rotation between the frame and ring.

4. A chuck comprising, in combination, a tubular frame providing cams; a ring journaled in the frame and providing recesses open at one end thereof; jaws located within said recesses and cooperating with said cams; ring plates at both ends of the frame for retaining the ring within the plates being interchangeable whereby the work may be introduced into the chuck from either oi two sides; and means for causing relative rotation between the frame and ring.

5. A chuck comprising, in combination, a frame providing cams; a plurality of axially aligned rings in journaled relation with the frame and providing recesses; jaws movable in said recesses and cooperating with said cams; and individual fluid pressure operated means for each ring to 10 rotate the same.

6. A chuck comprising, in combination, a frame providing cams; a plurality of axially aligned rings in journaled relation with the frame and providing recesses; jaws movable in said recesses 15 and cooperating with said cams; individual iluid pressure operated means for each ring to rotate the same in either direction; and a common means for conducting iiuid pressure to all fluid pressure operated means to effect rotation of all rings in one direction; and another common means for conducting fluid pressure to all fluid pressure operated means to eifect rotation of all rings in the opposite direction.

7. A chuck comprising, in combination, a 25 frame providing cams; a plurality of axially aligned rings in journaled relation with the frame and providing recesses; jaws movable in said recesses and cooperating with said cams; and means for each ring including a cylinder and 30 piston to rotate the ring.

8. A chuck comprising, in combination, a frame providing cams; a plurality of axially aligned rings in journaled relation with the frame, each ring providing recesses and peripher- 35 al gear teeth; jaws in said recesses and cooperating with said cams to move the jaws relative to the recesses upon rotation of the rings relative to the frame; an integral block secured to the frame and providing a cylinder for each 40 ring; a piston in each cylinder, each piston terminating in a rack longitudinally slidably supported by the frame and meshing with the teeth of a ring; and a single conduit for conducting iiuid under pressure to all cylinders. 45

9. A chuck comprising, 1n combination', a frame providing cams; a plurality of axially aligned rings in journaled relation with the frame, each ring providing recesses and peripheral gear teeth; jaws in said recesses and coop- 50 erating with said cams to move the jaws relative to the recesses upon rotation of the rings relative to the frame; an integral block secured to the frame and providing a cylinder for each ring; a piston in each cylinder, each piston terminating 55 in a rack longitudinally slidably supported by the frame and meshing with the teeth of a ring;

a single conduit for conducting fluid under pressure to one side of all cylinders; and another single conduit for conducting fluid under pressure o to the other side of all cylinders.

10. A chuck comprising, in combination, a tubular frame providing internal cams; a ring rotatable within the frame and providing recesses open at one end thereof and longitudinal 65 grooves in the periphery thereof, a normal part of the groove bottoms extending parallel to the ring axis and terminating into bottom parts of the grooves which are tapered in such manner thatJ the groove portions adjacent said one end 70 of the ring are deepest; jaws movable within said recesses radially of the ring axis and cooperating with said cams, said jaws being also provided with grooves in those surfaces which seat against the bottoms of the'recesses; leaf 75 springs located in the ring grooves and attached at one end to the normal bottom parts thereof, the other end of said leaf springs being received in the jaw grooves and the leaf springs being adapted yieldingly to maintain the jaws in en' gagement with the cams; and means for retaining the ring within the frame and the jaws within the recesses of the rings.

1l. A chuck comprising, in combination, a frame member providing cams; another member providing recesses, one of said members being journaled on the other member; jaws movable within said recesses and cooperating with said cams; plates at the ends of both members for preventing longitudinal movement of either member relative to the other member, one of said plates having a larger area than the other plate whereby the excess area of said one plate serves as a Work locator prior to the gripping of the work by the jaws; and means for causing relative rotation between both members.

, LORA E. POOLE. 

